<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- generator="wordpress/2.0.4" -->
<rss version="2.0" 
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>Science Magazine</title>
	<link>http://www.science-mag.com</link>
	<description>Science Magazine - All Things Science</description>
	<pubDate>Tue, 04 Dec 2007 10:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.0.4</generator>
	<language>en</language>
			<item>
		<title>Is Your Brain Really Necessary?</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/is-your-brain-really-necessary-273/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/is-your-brain-really-necessary-273/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 Dec 2007 10:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The reason for the apparently absurd question in the title is the remarkable research conducted at the University of Sheffield by neurology professor the late Dr. John Lorber.
When Sheffield&#8217;s campus doctor was treating one of the mathematics students for a minor ailment, he noticed that the student&#8217;s head was a little larger than normal. The [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The reason for the apparently absurd question in the title is the remarkable research conducted at the University of Sheffield by neurology professor the late Dr. John Lorber.</p>
<p>When Sheffield&#8217;s campus doctor was treating one of the mathematics students for a minor ailment, he noticed that the student&#8217;s head was a little larger than normal. The doctor referred the student to professor Lorber for further examination.</p>
<p>The student in question was academically bright, had a reported IQ of 126 and was expected to graduate. When he was examined by CAT-scan, however, Lorber discovered that he had virtually no brain at all.</p>
<p>Instead of two hemispheres filling the cranial cavity, some 4.5 centimetres deep, the student had less than 1 millimetre of cerebral tissue covering the top of his spinal column. The student was suffering from hydrocephalus, the condition in which the cerebrospinal fluid, instead of circulating around the brain and entering the bloodstream, becomes dammed up inside.</p>
<p>Normally, the condition is fatal in the first months of childhood. Even where an individual survives he or she is usually seriously handicapped. Somehow, though, the Sheffield student had lived a perfectly normal life and went on to gain an honours degree in mathematics.</p>
<p>Professor Lorber (who was a member of the committee sitting to decide who should be awarded the Nobel Prize) identified several hundred people who have very small cerebral hemispheres but who appear to be normal intelligent individuals. Some of them he describes as having &#8216;no detectable brain&#8217;, yet they have scored up to 120 on IQ tests.</p>
<p>No-one knows how people with &#8216;no detectable brain&#8217; are able to function at all, let alone to graduate in mathematics, but there are a couple theories. One idea is that there is such a high level of redundancy of function in the normal brain that what little remains is able to learn to deputise for the missing hemispheres.</p>
<p>Another, similar, suggestion is the old idea that we only use a small percentage of our brains anyway - perhaps as little as 10 per cent. The trouble with these ideas is that more recent research seems to contradict them. The functions of the brain have been mapped comprehensively and although there is some redundancy there is also a high degree of specialisation - the motor area and the visual cortex being highly specific for instance. Similarly, the idea that we &#8216;only use 10 per cent of our brain&#8217; is a misunderstanding dating from research in the 1930s in which the functions of large areas of the cortex could not be determined and were dubbed &#8217;silent&#8217;, when in fact they are linked with important functions like speech and abstract thinking.</p>
<p>The other interesting thing about Lorber&#8217;s findings is that they remind us of the mystery of memory. At first it was thought that memory would have some physical substrate in the brain, like the memory chips in a PC. But extensive investigation of the brain has turned up the surprising fact that memory is not located in any one area or in a specific substrate. As one eminent neurologist put it, &#8216;memory is everywhere in the brain and nowhere.&#8217; But if the brain is not a mechanism for classifying and storing experiences and analysing them to enable us to live our lives then what on earth is the brain for? And where is the seat of human intelligence? Where is the mind?</p>
<p>Lorber&#8217;s discovery is far from isolated. In researching my book &#8216;Alternative Science&#8217; I found literally scores of such cases of scientific discoveries that are well-attested with strong direct laboratory evidence, and yet are ignored by conventional science. Many more such examples are also given on the Alternative Science Website.</p>
<p>Copyright Richard Milton 1994-2005</p>
<p>Richard Milton is a writer, journalist and broadcaster and author of five books including the controversial &#8216;Alternative Science&#8217;. His Alternative Science website at <a href="http://www.alternativescience.com" target="_new">http://www.alternativescience.com</a> contains many extraordinary examples of hard scientific evidence for anomalous phenomena being ignored.
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/is-your-brain-really-necessary-273/&amp;title=Is+Your+Brain+Really+Necessary%3F" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/is-your-brain-really-necessary-273/&amp;title=Is+Your+Brain+Really+Necessary%3F" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to digg" alt="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=Is+Your+Brain+Really+Necessary%3F&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/is-your-brain-really-necessary-273/" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to FURL" alt="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/is-your-brain-really-necessary-273/" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to Technorati" alt="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/is-your-brain-really-necessary-273/&amp;title=Is+Your+Brain+Really+Necessary%3F" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'Is Your Brain Really Necessary?' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/is-your-brain-really-necessary-273/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What is Science?</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/What-is-Science-272/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/What-is-Science-272/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Dec 2007 14:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Students often ask; &#34;What exactly is science?&#34; Professors explain by discussing theories, proofs, laws of physics, observations, duplication of results, etc.. Professors often pull rank on students when they argue a point with the professor on extending the professors definition of science. When this occurs the professor indicates to the student; &#34;You obviously do not [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Students often ask; &quot;What exactly is science?&quot; Professors explain by discussing theories, proofs, laws of physics, observations, duplication of results, etc.. Professors often pull rank on students when they argue a point with the professor on extending the professors definition of science. When this occurs the professor indicates to the student; &quot;You obviously do not know what science is&quot; they quickly tell the student.</p>
<p>Having had this scenario play over and over again, it would appear that those professors want to keep science for themselves. If they cannot answer a question or do not know the answer they will simply say; &#8220;that is not science&#8221; or &#8220;that is pseudo science&quot; thus alleviating them the responsibility of answering the question. This is interesting indeed.</p>
<p>I have often thought; &quot;science does not know what science is!&quot; Science is not condemning another who caries a different perspective, science is not character assonating another in a primate political way to put forth their ideas or concepts over another. Since is not attacking someone&#8217;s concept because it does not match with what another was taught, science is not publish or perish over real breakthroughs. Science is not who publishes first or whose name is attached. Science is not engineering. Science is not denying a theory until you can prove it is not possible. Science is not rhetoric, that is politics.</p>
<p>Although in observing all the above discussion about what science is not and it appears that in the &quot;real&quot; world of science one observing these behaviors might perceive it to be just that. But such social interaction which actually occurs in science is not science at all, unless you call it &quot;social science&quot; but most scientists claim that is not a real science and if so why don&#8217;t they practice what they preach and dump the rhetoric? What all these scientists and professor&#8217;s are doing is not science, it is disgusting.</p>
<p>I think I enjoy the comments on this subject by Bill Bryson, Matt Ridley, Stephen Wolfram and recently Michael Crieghton in his book &quot;Fear.&quot; In any case all you scientists out there need to dump the BS and get busy propelling the human race and forwarding the progression of the species, you are not fooling me and many are simply getting quite tired of games. Think on that why don&#8217;t you?</p>
<p>&#8220;Lance Winslow&#8221; - If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; <a target="_new" href="http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs">http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs</a>
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/What-is-Science-272/&amp;title=What+is+Science%3F" title="Add 'What is Science?' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'What is Science?' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'What is Science?' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/What-is-Science-272/&amp;title=What+is+Science%3F" title="Add 'What is Science?' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'What is Science?' to digg" alt="Add 'What is Science?' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=What+is+Science%3F&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/What-is-Science-272/" title="Add 'What is Science?' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'What is Science?' to FURL" alt="Add 'What is Science?' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/What-is-Science-272/" title="Add 'What is Science?' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'What is Science?' to Technorati" alt="Add 'What is Science?' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/What-is-Science-272/&amp;title=What+is+Science%3F" title="Add 'What is Science?' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'What is Science?' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'What is Science?' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/What-is-Science-272/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Telescopes-Principle-of-Operation-and-Factors-that-Affect-Its-Properties-271/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Telescopes-Principle-of-Operation-and-Factors-that-Affect-Its-Properties-271/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 02 Dec 2007 18:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Telescopes are devices that are used to view the distant objects. They find its use in astronomy and physics. It enables you to view the distant objects by magnifying them. There are many types of telescopes and their prices vary according to the specifications. Many accessories are also available that can be used in conjunction [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Telescopes are devices that are used to view the distant objects. They find its use in astronomy and physics. It enables you to view the distant objects by magnifying them. There are many types of telescopes and their prices vary according to the specifications. Many accessories are also available that can be used in conjunction with the telescopes. Small telescopes that are used as toys are also capable of viewing some objects around 50 meters away.</p>
<p>Principle in which the telescope works</p>
<p>The principle in which the telescope works is very simple. There are two lenses that make up the task of viewing the objects that are at a distance. One of the lenses picks up the light from the object viewed and makes it available at a focus point. Another lens picks up the bright light from the focus point and spreads it out to your retina so that you can view. The lens that picks up the light from the object is called the objective lens or primary mirror. The lens that picks up the light from the focal point is called the eyepiece lens.</p>
<p>Factors that affect the viewing of the object</p>
<p>The capability of the telescope to collect the light from the object that is viewed and the capability to enlarge the image are the factors that affect the efficiency of the telescope. The capability to collect light from the object depends on the diameter of the lens or mirror, which is otherwise called the aperture. The larger the aperture the more the light it can collect. Enlarging of an image depends on the combination of the lenses that are used. The eyepiece in the telescope performs the magnification.</p>
<p>Some of the world&#8217;s largest optical telescopes in operation</p>
<p>We say a telescope to be larger based on the aperture size. Based on this we can say that Keck and Keck II are the largest telescopes in operation with an aperture of 10 meters diameter. The Keck telescope is composed of 36 mirror segments. This is located at Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The next largest is Hobby-Eberly located at Mt. Fowlkes, Texas which has an aperture of 9.2 meters. You can get a list of the largest optical telescopes at http://astro.nineplanets.org/bigeyes.html.</p>
<p>Choosing your telescope</p>
<p>The choice of the telescope largely depends on what you want to observe. You can choose compound telescopes and refractor type of telescope for viewing through the urban skies. For the rural skies, you can use compound telescopes and reflectors. They are better than the refractors type of telescopes. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Hence, many people have different telescope for different purposes.</p>
<p>For more information visit <a target="_new" href="http://www.TelescopeInfoCenter.com">http://www.TelescopeInfoCenter.com</a>
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Telescopes-Principle-of-Operation-and-Factors-that-Affect-Its-Properties-271/&amp;title=Telescopes+%3F+Principle+of+Operation+and+Factors+that+Affect+Its+Properties" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Telescopes-Principle-of-Operation-and-Factors-that-Affect-Its-Properties-271/&amp;title=Telescopes+%3F+Principle+of+Operation+and+Factors+that+Affect+Its+Properties" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to digg" alt="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=Telescopes+%3F+Principle+of+Operation+and+Factors+that+Affect+Its+Properties&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Telescopes-Principle-of-Operation-and-Factors-that-Affect-Its-Properties-271/" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to FURL" alt="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Telescopes-Principle-of-Operation-and-Factors-that-Affect-Its-Properties-271/" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to Technorati" alt="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Telescopes-Principle-of-Operation-and-Factors-that-Affect-Its-Properties-271/&amp;title=Telescopes+%3F+Principle+of+Operation+and+Factors+that+Affect+Its+Properties" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'Telescopes ? Principle of Operation and Factors that Affect Its Properties' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Telescopes-Principle-of-Operation-and-Factors-that-Affect-Its-Properties-271/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Can-DNA-Testing-Help-an-Immigration-Case-270/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Can-DNA-Testing-Help-an-Immigration-Case-270/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Dec 2007 22:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[DNA testing is routinely used in immigration cases to prove whether a child under 18 is a biological child of or, in some cases, is related to an individual with a leave to remain in the UK. Most DNA tests for immigration reasons are parentage testing (paternity or maternity) but in some cases a grand [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>DNA testing is routinely used in immigration cases to prove whether a child under 18 is a biological child of or, in some cases, is related to an individual with a leave to remain in the UK. Most DNA tests for immigration reasons are parentage testing (paternity or maternity) but in some cases a grand parentage or avuncular (whether a child is a nephew or a niece of the sponsor) test is employed to prove an alleged relationship.</p>
<p>When the child is outside the UK, a DNA test is normally arranged by an ECO. In such cases, DNA samples are taken from applicants at a post overseas and sent to a UK-based laboratory together with the samples of the sponsor, which in most cases is taken in the UK. If the child is already in the UK, DNA testing could be conducted in a Home Office-appointed laboratory or arranged privately or via solicitor. The DNA testing report provides an assessment as to the nature of relationship between the tested individuals and states the probability of this relationship.</p>
<p>According to the Home Office guidelines, in assessing DNA reports, the question to be addressed is whether the evidence establishes the relevant relationships on a balance of probability. If a DNA report concludes that the probability of a claimed relationship is at least three-times greater than any other relationship, it should normally be accepted as proof of that relationship without further enquiry. If the probability of the claimed relationship is only twice as likely (or less) than any other relationship, the case is usually reviewed as a whole. However, the Home Office admits that even a low balance of probability in favor of the claimed relationship is substantial evidence and should be accepted unless there is strong evidence to the contrary. If relationship was the sole ground on which the application was refused, and it was later established by means of DNA evidence, the Home Office usually concedes the case.</p>
<p>In cases where several children are to be tested, the fact that some children are related to the claimant does not constitute the evidence in favor of other children who were not tested. The application with regards to the latter will be refused on the ground that there is not enough evidence to support the alleged relationship unless DNA testing results prove otherwise.</p>
<p>When DNA testing proves the alleged relationship, the Home Office usually concedes the application however, in some cases, the Home Office has specific guidelines as to their treatment. This applies to cases when the child is related to only one of the parents, or is not related to them at all.</p>
<p>The immigration law treats a case where a child is related only to one of the parents differently. Treatment will depend on whether the child is related to the mother or to the father.</p>
<p>When the child is revealed to be the biological child of the father but not the mother, the Home Office usually seeks an explanation from the family on the following issues:</p>
<p>whether the child has been brought up and lives with the natural mother or the natural father</p>
<p>whether the child&#8217;s mother is also seeking entry or whether she qualifies for admission</p>
<p>whether the father had exercised sole responsibility for the child&#8217;s upbringing</p>
<p>whether the father had a previous undisclosed marriage or is in a polygamous marriage</p>
<p>Providing that the father is not in a polygamous marriage, has exercised the sole responsibility for the child&#8217;s upbringing, and the child&#8217;s mother is not seeking entry to the UK, the application is usually conceded by the Home Office.</p>
<p>When the child is related only to the mother, the situation is again different. This is a very delicate case and is usually handled with great sensitivity as the child may be illegitimate and the father may not be aware (even if he saw the DNA report). The impact of a disclosure of adultery could be disastrous for the woman. If the child has been brought up as child of the family he or she is usually admitted.</p>
<p>If DNA testing results indicate that the child is unrelated to the claimant, there may still be grounds for the Home Office to concede the application. If there is evidence that the child has been brought up as a member of the family he or she may be qualified for admission as de facto adopted child. In cases where the child is not a biological child of the parents but is related to them, the child may qualify as a dependant of a relative other than a parent.</p>
<p>DNA technology has significantly improved from the times when it was discovered, and now DNA testing has become a gold standard for cases where the relationship between people needs to be determined. Since 1985, thousands of children have been legally admitted to the UK and hundreds of families have been reunited. This can be largely attributed to Sir Alec Jeffreys&#8217; discovery of DNA fingerprinting 20 years ago.</p>
<p>The discovery of DNA fingerprinting 20 years ago has revolutionised the legal profession. Criminal and non-criminal justice systems were handed a very powerful tool to solve crime and resolve civil cases. Understanding how <a target="_new" href="http://www.dna-bioscience.co.uk">DNA testing</a> can be applied in <a target="_new" href="http://www.dna-bioscience.co.uk/service_court_paternity.shtml">legal</a> profession will bring benefits to both lawyers and their clients.</p>
<p>Avi was awarded the prestigious Shell Live Wire Entrepreneur of the Year award for his business. Working closely with the charities and various media outlets Avi strives to increase public awareness as to the benefits of DNA testing and the continuing impact that technological advances will have on all our lives.</p>
<p>Learn more about DNA profiling or how you can receive your own free home DNA <a target="_new" href="http://www.dna-bioscience.co.uk/service_paternity_test.shtml">paternity testing</a> kit.
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Can-DNA-Testing-Help-an-Immigration-Case-270/&amp;title=How+Can+DNA+Testing+Help+an+Immigration+Case%3F" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Can-DNA-Testing-Help-an-Immigration-Case-270/&amp;title=How+Can+DNA+Testing+Help+an+Immigration+Case%3F" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to digg" alt="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=How+Can+DNA+Testing+Help+an+Immigration+Case%3F&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Can-DNA-Testing-Help-an-Immigration-Case-270/" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to FURL" alt="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Can-DNA-Testing-Help-an-Immigration-Case-270/" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to Technorati" alt="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Can-DNA-Testing-Help-an-Immigration-Case-270/&amp;title=How+Can+DNA+Testing+Help+an+Immigration+Case%3F" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'How Can DNA Testing Help an Immigration Case?' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Can-DNA-Testing-Help-an-Immigration-Case-270/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Did-DNA-Testing-Children-Begin-269/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Did-DNA-Testing-Children-Begin-269/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Dec 2007 02:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The landmark immigration case Sarbah vs. Home Office (1985) was the first to use DNA testing to prove a mother-son relationship between Christiana Sarbah and her son Andrew.
The case started in 1983 when Andrew, then 13, arrived in England after a long stay in Ghana with Christiana&#8217;s estranged husband. Immigration officials held him at Heathrow [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The landmark immigration case Sarbah vs. Home Office (1985) was the first to use DNA testing to prove a mother-son relationship between Christiana Sarbah and her son Andrew.</p>
<p>The case started in 1983 when Andrew, then 13, arrived in England after a long stay in Ghana with Christiana&#8217;s estranged husband. Immigration officials held him at Heathrow Airport, claiming his passport was forged, or that a substitution had been made. Only after intervention by a local MP was Andrew allowed to stay at his family&#8217;s home in London.</p>
<p>Various genetic-determining tests showed that Christiana and Andrew were almost certainly related however, it was impossible to determine whether Christiana was his mother or merely an aunt (Christiana has several sisters in Ghana). The photographic evidence and depositions were rejected at an immigration hearing, but deportation was delayed pending an appeal.</p>
<p>Around the same time, an article in The Guardian reported the discovery of DNA fingerprinting by Prof. Alec Jeffreys and his team at the University of Leicester. After reading about their work, the legal team dealing with the case approached Prof. Jeffreys, and he agreed to take on the case. In order to prove that Christiana was Andrew&#8217;s mother, a DNA test was performed on blood samples from Christiana, Andrew, an unrelated individual, and Christiana&#8217;s three undisputed children: David, Joyce, and Diana.</p>
<p>Using a recently discovered DNA probe, a DNA fingerprint was produced which confirmed that Christiana was indeed Andrew&#8217;s biological mother, and that David, Joyce and Diana were his siblings. Based on this evidence, the case was dropped by the Home Office and massive press coverage ensued. The discovery of DNA fingerprinting had huge implication for the non-criminal legal system and led to an overhaul of the UK&#8217;s Immigration legislation. Current UK immigration legislation accepts results of DNA testing as the ultimate proof or relationship between a child and his or her relatives. Accordingly, DNA test results will normally (although not invariably) provide conclusive evidence as to whether a child is related, as claimed, to one or both of his alleged parents.</p>
<p>Before January 1991, it was up to the applicant to decide whether or not to obtain DNA evidence in support of his or her application or appeal. In January 1991, a government scheme was introduced, which enables entry clearance officers (ECO) to offer to arrange DNA tests in cases where they are not satisfied that persons seeking admission as children are related to their UK sponsor.</p>
<p>For more information, please visit DNA Bioscience, at <a target="_new" href="http://www.dna-bioscience.co.uk">www.dna-bioscience.co.uk</a></p>
<p>Avi comes from an international business background with Citibank where he specialised in managing projects in London, Europe, South America and Asia Pacific. In 2004 he was awarded the prestigious Shell Live Wire Entrepreneur of the Year award for his business. Working closely with the charities and various media outlets Avi strives to increase public awareness as to the benefits of <a target="_new" href="http://www.dna-bioscience.co.uk/servic_paternity_test.shtml">DNA testing</a> and the continuing impact that technological advances will have on all our lives.</p>
<p>Learn more about DNA <a target="_new" href="http://www.dna-bioscience.com">forensic testing</a> or how you can receive your own free home paternity test kit.
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Did-DNA-Testing-Children-Begin-269/&amp;title=How+Did+DNA+Testing+Children+Begin%3F" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Did-DNA-Testing-Children-Begin-269/&amp;title=How+Did+DNA+Testing+Children+Begin%3F" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to digg" alt="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=How+Did+DNA+Testing+Children+Begin%3F&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Did-DNA-Testing-Children-Begin-269/" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to FURL" alt="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Did-DNA-Testing-Children-Begin-269/" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to Technorati" alt="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Did-DNA-Testing-Children-Begin-269/&amp;title=How+Did+DNA+Testing+Children+Begin%3F" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'How Did DNA Testing Children Begin?' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/How-Did-DNA-Testing-Children-Begin-269/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Archaeology</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Archaeology-268/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Archaeology-268/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Nov 2007 06:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[When the Egypt Exploration Fund was created they had memoranda and articles of incorporation that directed the funding for site excavations which showed promise of being outside the Bible Narrative - should not be researched! This troublesome kind of bias is beyond reproach because sites like Memphis have been built over and for all intents [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When the Egypt Exploration Fund was created they had memoranda and articles of incorporation that directed the funding for site excavations which showed promise of being outside the Bible Narrative - should not be researched! This troublesome kind of bias is beyond reproach because sites like Memphis have been built over and for all intents and purposes destroyed. In the efforts of people like Schliemann (Troy) and Evans (Crete) to uncover their dreams that led from the &#8216;myths&#8217; of Homer they also confused and made horrible mistakes that allow debunking science to discredit artifacts that would have proven valuable. There are so many examples of actual government destruction of artifacts and people&#8217;s careers that it is hard to pick one single example.</p>
<p>Despite the negative aspects of archaeology illustrated in the Kensington Rune Stone response of Mr. Wiseman; there is a very real possibility that the truth will become realized in sufficient degree for good people to regain their freedom. W. F. Albright is considered the &#8216;father of Biblical Archaeology&#8217; by the Biblical Archaeology Review. His admission and awareness that the Phoenicians are the major creators of the Bible in the 50s and 60s has not reached the public or even the academics at large. In time and with a great deal of outside detective work it seems some of us are able to paint a new picture of history, due in large part to the effort of archaeologists even if they don&#8217;t know the meaning behind the things they uncover. In 1982&#8217;s December issue of the National Geographic they were still promoting &#8216;The People&#8217;s of the Sea&#8217; theory that Gasten Maspero (a French historian of the 19th century) created from very little factual data. This issue dealt with the &#8216;digs&#8217; at Deir el-Balah in the Gaza strip! Moshe Dayan (The Israeli Defense Minister) was a purchaser and assembler of some of the artifacts that look very ethnically diverse. The site was admittedly cosmopolitan and had been used by many different cultures as well as some key figures from history. Here is a quote from the inset to an artists&#8217; rendition.</p>
<p>&#8220;Life&#8217;s pleasures enhance palace life at Deir el-Balah {Remember Ba&#8217;al the Phoenician god is also Bel in Keltic clandoms.} in an artist&#8217;s rendition. In the Amarna tomb relief that served as his model, Queen Nefertiti decants wine through a strainer for Akhenaten, using vessels similar to a bronze set found at the Gaza site. Floor plan of partially excavated buildings at level 6, under the archaeologists&#8217; grid, suggests a layout similar to palaces built in Egypt during Akhenaten&#8217;s rule.&quot; (6)</p>
<p>Heliopolis is the site of the Phoenician rulers of Egypt and is perhaps Ba&#8217;albek - and it may have been in other places at other times, as is the case with Byblos and Byblus. My perception at this juncture is the Hyksos Kings period was a time of aristocratic inter-marriages between Phoenicians in Troy and Egypt (1800 BC to 1300 BC.) before the beginning of a truly worldwide war.(Trojan - Homer tells of 19 battles for major centers) It is becoming clearer to many researchers that the Phoenician contingent among the Hebrews (named after a language drawn from Phoenician or their common root, by another group who designed these languages) was quite advanced and included the Arimatheans (Robert Graves, Michael Bradley and others), Benjaminites and all the top corporate trading elite, who were engaged in trade with far away places. Many of them have the BEE as their symbol. That includes Phocaeans, Mallia, the Royal House on Crete from 2000 BC., Egyptians and on to the Merovingians of Childeric and then Napoleon through marriage.</p>
<p>There is much debate about who Moses is and when he lived, but Nefertiti is usually associated with him. The word Moses is a title meaning &#8216;leader&#8217; and could have been a title associated with many people over many millennia. The fact that the Moshe in Peru ran the drug trade and Egyptian mummies have Peruvian cocaine is important. The article in National Geographic continues:</p>
<p>&#8220;We have not yet been able to identify the Deir el-Balah fortress with a particular representation on the Karnak relief. Two of the fortresses shown along the Ways of Horus are designated as towns &#8216;which His Majesty built newly&#8217;. Considering the close connections between Egypt and Canaan during the XIX Dynasty, it is possible that our fortress with the thick walls and corner towers, was built during the reign of Seti I, who ruled New Kingdom Egypt and its empire in Canaan from about 1318 to 1304 B.C.</p>
<p>On the basis of the pottery found in the fortress, we believe that it flourished during the reign of Seti&#8217;s son, Ramses II (about 1304-1237 B.C.), to whose reign we date the anthropoid burials as well. Our fortress, and cemetery provide a vivid demonstration of Egypt&#8217;s power and prosperity in this period, a time of close Egyptian control over the coastal route. Moreover, ceramic analyst Bonnie Gould has determined that 80 percent of the locally made vessels were Egyptian in both shape and ware.</p>
<p><B>AN EXODUS RIDDLE SOLVED</B> {Actually no solution at all.}</p>
<p>The Ways of Horus holds much interest for scholars. As long ago as 1920 the noted Egyptologist Alan Gardiner optimistically predicted that future excavations along its route &#8216;would reveal many of the fortresses depicted in the Karnak sculptures.&#8217; Our evidence, together with excavations by the Ben-Gurion University, has made his prophecy come true.</p>
<p>Once we discerned the meaning and function of the settlement at Deir el-Balah, we were able to understand a passage in the Bible that has long puzzled scholars. It is believed that during the reign of Ramses II the Israelite Exodus from Egypt took place. But the route chosen by the Israelites is rather cryptically described. &#8216;And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt. (Exodus 13:17)&#8217;</p>
<p>The problem with the passage is chronological; the Philistines had not yet arrived to settle along the coast. The solution to its meaning lies in an anachronism&#8211;though the Bible speaks of &#8216;the way of the land of the Philistines&#8217;, it is describing the very same road that the Egyptians called the Ways of Horus.</p>
<p>As the Bible observes, this route to the Promised Land was far shorter than the route the Israelites eventually took. But our excavations at Deir el-Balah revealed the wisdom of this choice, for by escaping into the desert, the Israelites avoided the powerful fortresses of the very pharaoh from whom they had fled.</p>
<p>The crucial question of the identity of the people of ancient Deir el-Balah, so steeped in Egyptian culture and religion, remains unanswered. The period in which they lived was one of intensive international trade and of great ethnic changes and political upheaval.&#8221; (7) There appears to be something I missed and a lot of other possibilities these authors are avoiding. The Bible was not written in just one period and (alas) it may not be Divinely Inspired. Scholarship shows at least five different author&#8217;s hands in the Tanakh or Pentateuch with a thorough revision by a Redactor &#8216;R&#8217; around 200 BC. Thus the reference to Philistines in this area or the Israelites in Jericho after it had been taken by other forces (in 1200 BC. per the archaeological knowledge) is largely reconstructive writing to make people see themselves as conquerors or as persecuted according to the particular story being told. It justifies a militaristic response or &#8216;pre-emptive&#8217; acts if you can sell the idea that you are persecuted - as we see today in this same region.</p>
<p>The Exodus and even the Pharaonic lineages are very MUCH up in the air. The propaganda of certain Egyptian Pharaohs who liked to present themself as victor in battles (e.g. with the Hittites of this time) has been shown as fiction. If Moses was an important person with political influence in Egypt might the forty years in the desert have to do with an on-going attempt to re-institute himself in the land from which he&#8217;d been asked to leave? Is it possible that many outposts remained loyal to him? The phrase from the Bible that they quote includes &#8216;Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war&#8217;. To me, this means &#8216;In the event that the people in Egypt see the error of their ways, and our former associates there allow us to resume our rightful place&#8217;.</p>
<p>Then by means of war or by cutting off the access to key needs (like the &#8216;white powder&#8217; being made at Mt. Serábît which was discovered in the early 1900s by Flinders Petrie but only recently being understood as related to the &#8216;burning bush&#8217; alchemical factory) and trade, you might find there is an opportunity to wage an all-out offensive and return.</p>
<p>Perhaps my analysis is lacking as well; but the forty years in the desert is more deserving of explanation than the route as I see it. There is no route that would take forty years to traverse. There is much more debate on the issue of Moses than most people (including one person I know who wrote a whole book on him) know. Gardner makes a good case for Moses being Akhenaten and the National Geographic shows him with Nefertiti (his senior wife) at this site. Thus we should quote a little of what Gardner has to say about them. First let me point out that the number 40 is a generation or lineage standard of a king during Biblical re-creations and attempts to fit things together with other documents. The actual date of Exodus and Moses is a matter of debate and the winners of the tribal infighting re-wrote the Bible story starting in the sixth century BC.</p>
<p>&#8220;The Bible story then moves to Moses and the burning bush on Mt. Horeb in Sinai {Frank Moore Cross says in &#8216;Bible Review&#8217; Aug.1992, that Mt. Sinai of the Bible was in Rijaz or Arabia. Hijaz is a coded reversal of Giza through Gizeh and there was no &#8216;J&#8217; in the early languages as well as an aspirant use in pronunciation of &#8216;h&#8217;. It can be also shown to connect with a concept known as Iesa or &#8216;The Brotherhood of Man&#8217;. The issue of Aten or the &#8216;one-god&#8217; is pure scholarly and priestly political deceit. Long before Aten we see Amun-Ra was a one god concept in the Sphinx which had a woman&#8217;s face.}. The bush was enveloped in a fiery light, but it was not consumed (Exodus 3:3) and from its midst came an, angel. EI Shaddai then appeared in person, announcing to Moses that he was to be called &#8216;I am that I am&#8217; (Jehovah). {And thus the formalization of a political intrigue to minimize women by having a one MALE god rather than dual gender equal members of the human race. Could this be a reason the power group in Egypt was Hyksos Phoenician and thus egalitarian Kelts who asked Moses to leave Egypt?} After this, arrangements were made for Moses to go to Egypt and retrieve the Israelites, who had been placed in bondage by the new authorities.</p>
<p>By that time, with the Amarna dynasty terminated and General Horemheb&#8217;s reign concluded, a wholly new regime had begun in Egypt: the nineteenth dynasty, whose founding pharaoh was Ramesses I. Having been away from Egypt for many years, Moses (Akhenaten) evidently asked Jehovah how he would prove his identity to the Israelites, whereupon three instructions were given. These instructions have puzzled theologians for the longest time because, although the Bible (Old and New Testaments alike) opposes all forms of magic, Moses was advised to perform three magical feats. Generally, when magical deeds are discussed, they are referred to as &#8216;miracles&#8217;, so that the power of man is always superseded by the supreme abilities of God. But in this instance Moses was seemingly granted divine powers {He was a magician with a sister of great knowledge and his staff-bearer Jasher may be who the apocryphal or censored book Jasher is named after. That story is about Miriam whose counsel was held in as high a regard as Moses during their lives according to many scholars.} to enable him to convince the Israelites that he was an authorized messenger of Jehovah (Exodus 4:1-9).</p>
<p>He was first advised to cast his rod to the ground, where it would become a serpent {I have seen such rods.}, but would be reinstated as a rod when lifted. Second, he was to place his hand on his breast, from where it would emerge white and leprous, but would return to normal when the act was repeated. Then he was to pour river-water on to the land, at which it would turn to blood.</p>
<p>Quite how these things were supposed to prove the involvement of Jehovah, as against that of any other god, is not made clear&#8211;but Moses seemed content enough with the plan. He did confess, however, that he was &#8216;not eloquent&#8217;, being &#8217;slow of speech, and of a slow tongue&#8217;, intimating that he was not well versed in the Hebrew language {Having spent a great deal of time in Cush as well as not having hung out with the high priests who really were the only ones who spoke it during this time. The possibility also exists that the people later to be thought of as Hebrews were speaking another language to the most part. But he never talked to the Israelites anyway as we shall see. The high priests of Egypt and their Pharaoh (same thing) were who they spoke with. The reason? Because he wanted the throne of Egypt. Hebrew was a secret or sacerdotal code of the designers of the pyramid years before and had been spoken by the high priesthood of Egypt ever since.}. So it was arranged that his brother Aaron (who was more fluent) would act as an interpreter.</p>
<p>Until this point in the story, only an unnamed sister has been introduced, but now a brother called Aaron makes his appearance (Exodus 4: 14), and with a somewhat baffling aftermath. Moses and Aaron journeyed to Egypt and made themselves known to the Israelites - but it was before the Pharaoh, not before the Israelites, that the magic of the rod and serpent was performed. Moreover, it was not performed by Moses as planned, but by Aaron (Exodus 7:10-12).</p>
<p>This sequence is of particular importance because it serves to indicate that Aaron held his own pharaonic status. The rituals of the serpent-rod and the withered hand (though described as it magic in the Bible) were both aspects of the rejuvenation festivals of the Egyptian kings - ceremonies wherein their divine powers were heightened. The pharaohs had various sceptres (rods) for different occasions, and the sceptre of rejuvenation was a rod topped with a brass serpent {N.B. for its&#8217; import in Mayan things to be reported, as well as Druidic connections.}. It was also customary for the king to place his right arm limply across his chest {Napoleon used his tunic to hold his hand.}, while supporting it with his left hand. (8) A preparation for this ceremony is pictorially shown in the tomb of Kherof, one of Queen Tiye&#8217;s stewards, and the scene depicts her husband (Moses&#8217;s father) Amenhotep III.</p>
<p>So did Akhenaten (Moses) have a brother who was himself a pharaoh - a pharaoh whose fate is unknown and who is similarly recorded as having disappeared rather than dying? Indeed he did - at least, he had a feeding-brother, whose own mother was Tey, the Israelite wet-nurse of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. As a pharaoh, this man had succeeded for just a few weeks after the abdication of Akhenaten; his name was Smenkhkare. He was the grandson of Yusuf-Yuya the vizier, and the son of Aye (the brother of Akhenaten&#8217;s birth-mother, Tiye). Correctly stated, this pharaoh&#8217;s name was Smenkh-ka-ra (&#8217;Vigorous is the Soul of Ra,). (9) Alternatively, since Ra was the state sun god of the Heliopolis House of Light {A Therapeutae and other syncretic cult place of primary import, at one time in Ba&#8217;albek.}, called &#8216;On&#8217;, (10) Pharaoh Smenkh-ka-ra was also Smenkh-ka-ra-on, from the phonetic ending of which derives &#8216;Aaron&#8217;.</p>
<p>Manetho&#8217;s &#8216;Egyptian King List&#8217; records Smenkhkare (Aaron) by the name Achencheres, (11) which was later corrupted (by the Christian church-father, Eusebius) to Cencheres. (12) By this name (further varied to Cinciris) Pharaoh Smenkhkare was of particular significance to the histories of Ireland and Scotland, for he was the father of the princess historically known as Scota, from whom the original Scots-Gaels were descended. (13) Her husband was Niul, {This means &#8216;blood&#8217; in Keltic original languages. The &#8216;black earth&#8217; of the Nile thus is symbolic for &#8216;blood&#8217; in the alchemic process of manufacture of the beginning of the primordial elements needed to begin the process of a &#8216;Stone&#8217;. Some authors indicate the blood of a particular &#8216;black raven&#8217; will suffice; other indications are that the black earth, located in the basements of Gothic cathedrals, are sufficient. In the case where the Black Madonnas which Fulcanelli says are actually originally dedicated to Isis, are located in these cathedrals [Chartrés being the first]; there is reason to think the long term presence in the focal point of the temple built after the design of the Great Pyramid and later duplicated in the Temple of Solomon [&#8217;sol&#8217;=sun and &#8216;mon&#8217;=moon&#8217;] to be followed in design of the angles and lattices of these great cathedrals, there is good cause to believe them.} the Governor of Capacyront by the Red Sea. (14) He was, by birth, a Black Sea prince of Scythia (Scota) {And other ancient authors note the Hyperborean nature of these &#8216;northerners&#8217; and that all were originally worshippers of the Emerald Isles of Britain and Ireland, today.), and according to the seventeenth-century &#8216;History of Ireland&#8217;, &#8216;Nuil and Aaron entered into an alliance of friendship with one another&#8217;. The Gaelic text further states that Gaedheal (Gael), the son of Nuil and Princess Scota, was born in Egypt &#8216;at the time when Moses began to act as leader of the children of Israel&#8217;.&quot; (16 &#038; 17)</p>
<p>Simon Magus or the Good Samaritan of the Gnostic faith is also a Gaedhil according to Celtic (&#8217;K&#8217; for before the Romans) authors. There is good reason to believe these things are true; because the Kelts had a long-standing policy of sending their children past the age of five to distant relatives or trading partners such as Nuil and Aaron became in the above story. This practice achieved many good political and psychological or spiritual development objectives. There were no borders or immigration officials in these days and trade arrangements were just as vital then as when Donnacona (of the Stadacona Iroquois) gave his two sons to Jacques Cartier when Cartier returned to France after his first visit to America. The issue of children using emotional blackmail against their parents was also diminished and parents wouldn&#8217;t live their lives so vicariously through their children and smother them with love. Thus Gardner has provided us with another proof of many, to the fact that the Keltic &#8216;Red-Heads&#8217; were a vital part of the Phoenician &#8216;Brotherhood&#8217;.</p>
<p>His further data on the issue of what history actually knows about important people like Moses is highly instructive as well. The Moshe (some spell it Moche) of Peru have recently offered up an archaeological tidbit right in line with more of the complete story, which includes near absolute proof of a forensic nature that cocaine was traded between Egypt and Peru in this time. Moshe is the actual name of Moses in his native tongue which you can still hear in synagogues calling him &#8216;Moshe Rabbenue&#8217;. This tidbit has other connections with sceptres or staffs as Monteczuma reports the white-skinned leaders like Quetzalcoatl/Kukulcan brought with them. The serpent people of the Mayan or Mesoamerican culture will be gone into in further depth as well. But when you are reading about Zotz you will understand why a gold vampire found among the Moshe is so important.</p>
<p>Author of over 60 books available at <a target="_new" href="http://www.Lulu.com">Lulu.com</a> and <a target="_new" href="http://www.World-Mysteries.com">World-Mysteries.com</a> as well as Diverse Druids which is available through many on-line retailers.
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Archaeology-268/&amp;title=Archaeology" title="Add 'Archaeology' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'Archaeology' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'Archaeology' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Archaeology-268/&amp;title=Archaeology" title="Add 'Archaeology' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'Archaeology' to digg" alt="Add 'Archaeology' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=Archaeology&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Archaeology-268/" title="Add 'Archaeology' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'Archaeology' to FURL" alt="Add 'Archaeology' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Archaeology-268/" title="Add 'Archaeology' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'Archaeology' to Technorati" alt="Add 'Archaeology' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Archaeology-268/&amp;title=Archaeology" title="Add 'Archaeology' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'Archaeology' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'Archaeology' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Archaeology-268/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Squeegee-for-Plexiglas-Windows-267/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Squeegee-for-Plexiglas-Windows-267/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2007 10:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Cleaning Plexiglas windows is not easy, you have to be careful to apply the right amount of pressure. Too little pressure and you do not clean it very well. Too much pressure and you end up scratching it. For many years I had washed and cleaned aircraft with Plexiglas windshields.
www.AircraftWashGuys.com
It was always a challenge with [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cleaning Plexiglas windows is not easy, you have to be careful to apply the right amount of pressure. Too little pressure and you do not clean it very well. Too much pressure and you end up scratching it. For many years I had washed and cleaned aircraft with Plexiglas windshields.</p>
<p>www.AircraftWashGuys.com</p>
<p>It was always a challenge with the bugs on the windows, which even on a private plane will be pelted on at 150 plus knots and then melted in the hot sun. You cannot use too much of certain cleaners for they do nothing more but haze the windscreen and make it less transparent, which can cause issues with being able to see on-coming aircraft traffic. Something the size of a bug on the window could be another aircraft only 5 miles away traveling at you very fast, add that to your airspeed and you can see the seriousness of a clean windscreen.</p>
<p>A squeegee sponge unit should be built to deliver a soft creamy fluid to the cleaning tool while operating small actuators of tactile sensors to control the pressure exerted onto the plexigas. Many Plexiglas windscreens on all kinds of high tech toys, aircraft and devices are molded and curved making it tough to clean quickly and evenly. Visibility is important and we need to maintain that on our human tools, which incorporate Plexiglas for windows due to its lightweight and often, flexible attributes over the brittle characteristics of glass.</p>
<p>Windshield wipers on a car are made of rubber and the rubber bends with the curvature of the windows, which works well and are incorporated into every car. But cars have glass windshields which do not scratch very easy as the hardness of glass is a &quot;9&quot; on a scale of 1-10. Where as Plexiglas is not even in the ballpark; in the future most likely we will be looking through transparent nano-tubes. The thin and much stronger nano-tube windshields will be designed to display instrumentation on the windshield as well as automatically create shading from direct sunlight. These nano-tubes will be 100 times stronger than steel and some may choose to make their entire houses out of the stuff, allowing light in at times and making them opaque at other times. But for now we need a better Plexiglas squeegee type device to prevent scratches during cleaning. Since we currently have this technology available to us and in use in modern robotics, haptics and tactile sensor research we need to immediately use it to re-design the modern day squeegee. It would sure help window cleaning companies; www.WindowWashGuys.com.</p>
<p>The right team of engineers could come up with something fairly quickly and it would be readily marketable to aviation enthusiasts and industry alike. Think on this.</p>
<p>&#8220;Lance Winslow&#8221; - If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; <a target="_new" href="http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs">www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs</a>
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Squeegee-for-Plexiglas-Windows-267/&amp;title=Tactile+Squeegee+for+Plexiglas+Windows" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Squeegee-for-Plexiglas-Windows-267/&amp;title=Tactile+Squeegee+for+Plexiglas+Windows" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to digg" alt="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=Tactile+Squeegee+for+Plexiglas+Windows&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Squeegee-for-Plexiglas-Windows-267/" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to FURL" alt="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Squeegee-for-Plexiglas-Windows-267/" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to Technorati" alt="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Squeegee-for-Plexiglas-Windows-267/&amp;title=Tactile+Squeegee+for+Plexiglas+Windows" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'Tactile Squeegee for Plexiglas Windows' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Squeegee-for-Plexiglas-Windows-267/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Pressure-Sensors-for-Future-Robotics-266/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Pressure-Sensors-for-Future-Robotics-266/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Nov 2007 14:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Scientists and Robotic Researchers are attempting to design human type personal assistance robots. As they work to develop algorithms, which most resemble the thought processes of the human brain others are attempting to make them more life like thru human behavioral techniques of mirroring and facial features. Soon robots will be very much like humans, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Scientists and Robotic Researchers are attempting to design human type personal assistance robots. As they work to develop algorithms, which most resemble the thought processes of the human brain others are attempting to make them more life like thru human behavioral techniques of mirroring and facial features. Soon robots will be very much like humans, on the outside that is. Robotic humanoid devices will assist us in many of our needs. Imagine a robotic companion, it might take a walk in the park with you, go jogging or even spot for you lifting weights at the gym. As we get older and cannot do certain things for ourselves our robotic companions will be by our side as caregivers, helping with our life transitions.</p>
<p>The robots will be built very strong with special materials, which will not easily decay. Their strength will be that of the Bionic Man or Woman able to life heavy objects or re-arrange furniture while you command different ideas. &quot;Move the couch over there, no, no, no good; how about over there, hmm, no what about here?&quot; The robot does not care and will be happy to oblige without back talk, well unless it is programmed too? When interacting with humans, robots will have to be cognizant not to over power you or break your bones. Imagine have over dinner guests and the robot assistant is pouring wine, but squeezes too hard and breaks the bottle or tries to shake hands with your guests and breaks their arms?</p>
<p>Well scientists are way ahead of us on this dilemma, in fact they have it all figured out already:</p>
<p>http://www.dactyl.com/scratchpad/pps/bioMechanics.html</p>
<p>In fact your robotic assistant with additional programming might be able to go to work for you? Perhaps you are a doctor, well then send in the robot which has sure and steady hands, better than yours, never gets fatigued and can do a surgery for 14 hours straight without error or stress? Tactile Glove Systems (TGS) have been researched for years and now are almost as sensitive as a human hand. You will not have to worry about our silicon chip friends; they will be fine; think on this, the future is nearly upon us.</p>
<p>&#8220;Lance Winslow&#8221; - If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; <a target="_new" href="http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs">www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs</a>
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Pressure-Sensors-for-Future-Robotics-266/&amp;title=Tactile+Pressure+Sensors+for+Future+Robotics" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Pressure-Sensors-for-Future-Robotics-266/&amp;title=Tactile+Pressure+Sensors+for+Future+Robotics" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to digg" alt="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=Tactile+Pressure+Sensors+for+Future+Robotics&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Pressure-Sensors-for-Future-Robotics-266/" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to FURL" alt="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Pressure-Sensors-for-Future-Robotics-266/" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to Technorati" alt="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Pressure-Sensors-for-Future-Robotics-266/&amp;title=Tactile+Pressure+Sensors+for+Future+Robotics" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'Tactile Pressure Sensors for Future Robotics' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Tactile-Pressure-Sensors-for-Future-Robotics-266/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Building an Ice House on Mars</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Building-an-Ice-House-on-Mars-265/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Building-an-Ice-House-on-Mars-265/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Nov 2007 18:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There is ice at the Martian Poles, one of the poles has water ice in abundance. Such an ice over region could easily be converted into a habitat for a Martian Colony of human explorers. Taking humans to Mars is not such an easy task, keeping them alive once there even harder, bringing them back [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is ice at the Martian Poles, one of the poles has water ice in abundance. Such an ice over region could easily be converted into a habitat for a Martian Colony of human explorers. Taking humans to Mars is not such an easy task, keeping them alive once there even harder, bringing them back not easy at all. The polar water ice cap may hold the key to building a successful colony on Mars.</p>
<p>Do you remember the James Bond Movie that took place as the ice hotel? There is actually a place where they build one every year for visitors. Sounds cool and indeed it is, but can we use this idea to build an ice colony on Mars tunneling under the ice, chipping away and building rooms. Using the ice to derive oxygen while using the hydrogen for power. The ice can be converted to water to drink and grow plants for food? We can build small micro hydro-electric systems to provide power as well to provide back-up.</p>
<p>I propose that we build Ice Hotel Type habitats in the Mars Ice Cap for exploration and human colony and establish this as out exploratory base camp on Mars. This outpost will be our first step in moving man beyond this pale blue dot. The ice cap makes a lot of sense as a place to build an outpost and colony. Who knows we may find some life already living there.</p>
<p>&#8220;Lance Winslow&#8221; - If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; <a target="_new" href="http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs">www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs</a>
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Building-an-Ice-House-on-Mars-265/&amp;title=Building+an+Ice+House+on+Mars" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Building-an-Ice-House-on-Mars-265/&amp;title=Building+an+Ice+House+on+Mars" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to digg" alt="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=Building+an+Ice+House+on+Mars&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Building-an-Ice-House-on-Mars-265/" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to FURL" alt="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Building-an-Ice-House-on-Mars-265/" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to Technorati" alt="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Building-an-Ice-House-on-Mars-265/&amp;title=Building+an+Ice+House+on+Mars" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'Building an Ice House on Mars' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Building-an-Ice-House-on-Mars-265/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill</title>
		<link>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Acoustic-Transducers-and-Material-Memory-in-Pipelines-to-Create-Flow-Up-Hill-264/</link>
		<comments>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Acoustic-Transducers-and-Material-Memory-in-Pipelines-to-Create-Flow-Up-Hill-264/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Nov 2007 22:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
	<category>Science</category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For the better part of human history mechanical pumps and suction techniques have been used to bring water uphill. By using dynamic pressure, downhill kinetic energy, pumps, suction and heating up the fluid mankind has been busy getting those fluids to market or desired areas. We deliver oil and natural gas in pipelines, water in [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For the better part of human history mechanical pumps and suction techniques have been used to bring water uphill. By using dynamic pressure, downhill kinetic energy, pumps, suction and heating up the fluid mankind has been busy getting those fluids to market or desired areas. We deliver oil and natural gas in pipelines, water in canals and pipes and a variety of fluids in this fashion. Material memory polymers are now available and seem to be a good fit for moving fluid uphill. Material memory works like a human muscle; it constricts and then moves back to its normal shape. Think more the toy; &quot;Stretch Armstrong&quot; and how you can stretch it and it simply goes back to its originally designed shape. If we line the pipelines with material memory manufactured substances we can cause them to constrict and then open which will flush the fluid forward and then the suction will quickly fill in the less dense areas of fluid and we do this over and over again.</p>
<p>The constriction would be caused by acoustic transducers sending in sound waves; the sound waves will travel thru the walls of the pipe into the center and then bounce outward, the material would then come back into its original shape like a rubber band. Thus pushing the liquid forward without using huge pumps, which are high preventative maintenance issues and cause severe problems when one goes down. In fact if we wanted too, we could use the electromagnetic energy, which escapes from high tension power lines, put the pipeline underneath and use that energy as pulse power for the material memory movement. We need to be thinking of the ways to conserve energy and be efficient stewards in our infrastructure so we can get the best bang for our buck. Think on this.</p>
<p>&#8220;Lance Winslow&#8221; - If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; <a target="_new" href="http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs">www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs</a>
</p>
<!-- Social Bookmarks BEGIN --><div class="social_bookmark"><em>Bookmark to:</em> <a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Acoustic-Transducers-and-Material-Memory-in-Pipelines-to-Create-Flow-Up-Hill-264/&amp;title=Acoustic+Transducers+and+Material+Memory+in+Pipelines+to+Create+Flow+Up+Hill" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to Del.icio.us"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/delicious.png" border="0" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to Del.icio.us" alt="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to Del.icio.us" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Acoustic-Transducers-and-Material-Memory-in-Pipelines-to-Create-Flow-Up-Hill-264/&amp;title=Acoustic+Transducers+and+Material+Memory+in+Pipelines+to+Create+Flow+Up+Hill" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to digg"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/digg.png" border="0" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to digg" alt="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to digg" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://furl.net/storeIt.jsp?t=Acoustic+Transducers+and+Material+Memory+in+Pipelines+to+Create+Flow+Up+Hill&amp;u=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Acoustic-Transducers-and-Material-Memory-in-Pipelines-to-Create-Flow-Up-Hill-264/" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to FURL"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/furl.png" border="0" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to FURL" alt="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to FURL" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.technorati.com/faves?add=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Acoustic-Transducers-and-Material-Memory-in-Pipelines-to-Create-Flow-Up-Hill-264/" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to Technorati"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/technorati.png" border="0" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to Technorati" alt="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to Technorati" /></a><a class="social_img" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'scrollbars=yes,menubar=no,height=600,width=750,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,status=no'); return false;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/refer.php?url=http://www.science-mag.com/science/Acoustic-Transducers-and-Material-Memory-in-Pipelines-to-Create-Flow-Up-Hill-264/&amp;title=Acoustic+Transducers+and+Material+Memory+in+Pipelines+to+Create+Flow+Up+Hill" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to Stumble Upon"><img src="http://www.science-mag.com/wp-content/plugins/social_bookmarks/stumbleupon.png" border="0" title="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to Stumble Upon" alt="Add 'Acoustic Transducers and Material Memory in Pipelines to Create Flow Up Hill' to Stumble Upon" /></a></div>
<!-- Social Bookmarks END -->]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRSS>http://www.science-mag.com/science/Acoustic-Transducers-and-Material-Memory-in-Pipelines-to-Create-Flow-Up-Hill-264/feed/</wfw:commentRSS>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
